{"id":17095,"date":"2022-11-01T15:18:27","date_gmt":"2022-11-01T14:18:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/akademskaknjiga.com\/?p=17095"},"modified":"2022-11-01T15:18:27","modified_gmt":"2022-11-01T14:18:27","slug":"odlomci-sredom-viteski-ideal-u-srbiji-odlomak-iz-knjige-vitezovi-modernizma-branka-vranesa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akademskaknjiga.com\/en\/odlomci-sredom-viteski-ideal-u-srbiji-odlomak-iz-knjige-vitezovi-modernizma-branka-vranesa","title":{"rendered":"ODLOMCI SREDOM: Vite\u0161ki ideal u Srbiji (odlomak iz knjige \u201eVitezovi modernizma\u201c Branka Vrane\u0161a)"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%27713%27%20height%3D%27400%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20713%20400%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%27713%27%20height%3D%27400%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/akademskaknjiga.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Odlomci-sredom-1024x576.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"lazyload wp-image-17096\" width=\"713\" height=\"400\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Srednjovekovni ideal vite\u0161tva razvijao se i venuo u zemljama Zapadne Evrope poput Francuske (Taylor 2013), Engleske (D\u017eajs 2003) i Nema\u010dke (Bumke 1977). Manje je poznato da su vite\u0161ke tradicije bile negovane i u slovenskim zemljama. Dovoljno je ovom prilikom navesti nekoliko primera koji ukazuju na postojanje vite\u0161kih titula, obi\u010daja, pa i prevodne vite\u0161ke knji\u017eevnosti na tlu srednjovekovne Srbije, Bosne i Dalmacije. Jedno od najranijih svedo\u010danstva ove vrste nalazimo u tekstu latinske presude s kraja XI veka koju je u okolini Splita izrekao neretljanski knez Jakov. Vojnici u kne\u017eevoj pratnji oslovljeni su u zapisniku latinskom titulom \u201emiles\u201c, budu\u0107i da su \u201eza lokalnog latinskog pisara koji je sastavljao dokument imali isti ili vrlo sli\u010dan polo\u017eaj kao i tada\u0161nji zapadni vitezovi\u201c (Aleksi\u0107 2016: 26). Zvanje \u201eviteza\u201c postojalo je u Srbiji, Bosni i Dubrovniku s kraja srednjeg veka i su\u0161tinski \u201eodgovaralo zapadnja\u010dkom \u2018riteru\u2019\u201c (\u0160krivani\u0107 1969: 208). S natpisa u jednoj crkvi u Trevizu saznajemo da je kralj Milutin (oko 1282\u20131321) 1304. godine poklonio Italijanu Francisku Salomoneu (Franciscus de Salomone) vite\u0161ki pojas ili ta\u010dnije \u201emilitari cingulo\u201c (Jire\u010dek 1978: 110), pod nadgrobnom plo\u010dom u Prevlaci le\u017eao je posle 1362. godine \u201eu cara u Stjepana tre\u0107i vitez\u201c (Stari srpski zapisi i natpisi 1986: 68), dubrova\u010dki knez Paskoje Rasti\u0107 nazivan je u dokumentima izme\u0111u 1419. i 1421. godine \u201evitezom presvetloga kralja \u017digmunda\u201c (\u0160krivani\u0107 1969: 209), dok je pismo ugarskog kralja Jovana I Zapolje od 30. oktobra 1537. godine upu\u0107eno \u201eplemenitom i mudrom i u svemu po\u0161tenom i (\u2026) u hrabrosti naro\u010ditom vitezu Ferhatu\u201c (Monumenta serbica 1858: 555).<br>Savremeni kulturni i knji\u017eevni istori\u010dari pretpostavljaju, a drevni tvrde, da su se na izmaku srednjeg veka na ju\u017enoslovenskom podru\u010dju prire\u0111ivale vite\u0161ke igre, vite\u0161ki turniri i obredi zavite\u017eenja. Ako je verovati dubrova\u010dkom istori\u010daru Mavru Orbinu (Mavro Orbini, 1563\u20131610), car Du\u0161an (oko 1308\u20131355) je na svome dvoru \u010desto prire\u0111ivao \u201evite\u0161ke turnire [giostre] i pijanke [bagordi], obdaruju\u0107i one koji su se isticali i druge pobe\u0111ivali\u201c (Orbin 1968: 33). Orbinov savremenik Jaketa Lukarevi\u0107 (Giacomo di Pietro Luccari) u Dubrova\u010dkim analima (Copioso ristretto de gli annali di Rausa) iz 1605. godine pi\u0161e kako je, nakon ceremonije krunisanja za cara Srba, Grka i Bugara, \u201eStefan [Du\u0161an] osnovao vite\u0161ki red pod imenom Stub Svetog Stefana i po\u010dastvovao ovom privilegijom na\u0161e [dubrova\u010dke] poslanike\u201c (Luccari 1605: 56). Vite\u0161ki turniri i obredi zavite\u017eenja zasigurno su se odvijali na dvoru despota Stefana Lazarevi\u0107a (oko 1377\u20131427), koji je u bici kod Angore (1402) predvodio armiju crnih oklopnika i bio \u010dlan vite\u0161kog Zmajevog reda kralja \u017digmunda (\u041aonstantin Filozof 1989: 119; \u0160krivani\u0107 1969: 208\u2013210; Bojanin 2005: 356; \u0106irkovi\u0107 1982: 459\u2013460; Aleksi\u0107 2016: 289\u2013293, 308). Sve to, re\u010dima Bojane Pavlovi\u0107, otkriva \u201emilje jedne riterske kulture, koja je, sa nekim specifi\u010dnostima, vladala i na dvoru Nemanji\u0107a, posebno od vremena Stefana De\u010danskog i Stefana Du\u0161ana\u201c (Pavlovi\u0107 2012: 12).<br>O popularnosti ideala vite\u0161tva na ju\u017enoslovenskim prostorima svedo\u010de imena me\u0161tana srednjovekovnih gradova preuzeta iz vite\u0161kih romana. Primer dubrova\u010dkog mesara Tristana (Tristanus) s kraja XV veka rado se navodi u studijama uglednih medievista (Jire\u010dek 1962: 78, 206; Jire\u010dek 1978: 303; Radoji\u010di\u0107 1956: 179; Marinkovi\u0107 1968: 217; Grickat 1988: 34). Stara knji\u017eevnost Ju\u017enih Slovena prevashodno se razvijala pod vizantijskim uticajem, ali su teritorijama ju\u017enoslovenskih dr\u017eava vekovima cirkulisale povesti o Aleksandru Velikom, Parisu, Tristanu, Lanselotu i Bovu od Antone, s manje ili vi\u0161e izra\u017eenim odlikama zapadnoevropskih vite\u0161kih romana (Marinkovi\u0107 1968; Pavlovi\u0107 1971: 44\u201349; Bogdanovi\u0107 1980: 230\u2013231; \u041aa\u0161anin 1975: 48\u201354; Grickat 1988; Grickat 2011; Pavlovi\u0107 2012). Najstariji prona\u0111eni rukopisi Srpske Aleksandride i ju\u017enoslovenskih \u201eromana\u201c o Troji poti\u010du iz XIV i XV veka (Marinkovi\u0107 1961: 56\u201364; Marinkovi\u0107 1969: 7\u201315). Povest o Tri\u0161tanu i I\u017eoti (kontaminirana s pri\u010dom o vitezu Lanselotu) i povest o Bovu od Antone sa\u010duvane su u jednom beloruskom zborniku s kraja XVI veka (Povest o Tri\u0161tanu i I\u017eoti 1988: 41; Grickat 1988: 9\u201310). Prire\u0111iva\u010d, kako stoji u zaglavlju tzv. Poznanjskog zbornika, otpo\u010dinje \u201epovest o vitezima iz knjiga srpskih, a posebno o slavnome vitezu Tri\u0161tanu, o Ancalotu i o Bovi i o drugim mnogim vitezima vrlim\u201c (Povest o Tri\u0161tanu i I\u017eoti 1988: 41). Ju\u017eni Sloveni mogli su se, dakle, u doma\u0107im prevodima, pogotovo ako nisu \u017eiveli u dvojezi\u010dnim \u201epoluromanskim\u201c primorskim gradovima (Marinkovi\u0107 1968: 217), upoznati s likom plemenitog viteza iz Zapadne Evrope.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Ukoliko vam se svideo ovaj odlomak, knjigu mo\u017eete poru\u010diti na na\u0161em sajtu sa popustom<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div data-block-name=\"woocommerce\/handpicked-products\" data-columns=\"1\" data-products=\"[16934]\" class=\"wc-block-grid wp-block-handpicked-products wp-block-woocommerce-handpicked-products wc-block-handpicked-products has-1-columns has-multiple-rows\"><ul class=\"wc-block-grid__products\"><li class=\"wc-block-grid__product\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/akademskaknjiga.com\/en\/katalog\/vitezovi-modernizma-viteski-ideal-u-srpskom-i-svetskom-romanu-xx-veka\" class=\"wc-block-grid__product-link\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wc-block-grid__product-onsale\">\n\t\t\t<span aria-hidden=\"true\">Sale<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Product on sale<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wc-block-grid__product-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"750\" src=\"https:\/\/akademskaknjiga.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Vitezovi-modernizma-500x750.png\" class=\"attachment-woocommerce_thumbnail size-woocommerce_thumbnail lazyload\" alt=\"VITEZOVI MODERNIZMA. Vite\u0161ki ideal u srpskom i svetskom romanu XX veka\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%27600%27%20height%3D%27900%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20600%20900%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%27600%27%20height%3D%27900%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/akademskaknjiga.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Vitezovi-modernizma-500x750.png\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/akademskaknjiga.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Vitezovi-modernizma-8x12.png 8w, https:\/\/akademskaknjiga.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Vitezovi-modernizma-200x300.png 200w, https:\/\/akademskaknjiga.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Vitezovi-modernizma-400x600.png 400w, https:\/\/akademskaknjiga.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Vitezovi-modernizma-500x750.png 500w, https:\/\/akademskaknjiga.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Vitezovi-modernizma.png 600w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wc-block-grid__product-title\">VITEZOVI MODERNIZMA. Vite\u0161ki ideal u srpskom i svetskom romanu XX veka<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wc-block-grid__product-price price\"><del><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-amount amount\">1.980,00&nbsp;<span class=\"woocommerce-Price-currencySymbol\" dir=\"auto\">RSD<\/span><\/span><\/del>&nbsp;<ins><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-amount amount\">1.485,00&nbsp;<span class=\"woocommerce-Price-currencySymbol\" dir=\"auto\">RSD<\/span><\/span><\/ins><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-button wc-block-grid__product-add-to-cart\"><a href=\"\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17095?add-to-cart=16934\" aria-label=\"Add to basket: &ldquo;VITEZOVI MODERNIZMA. Vite\u0161ki ideal u srpskom i svetskom romanu XX veka&rdquo;\" data-quantity=\"1\" data-product_id=\"16934\" data-product_sku=\"\" data-price=\"1980\" rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"wp-block-button__link  add_to_cart_button ajax_add_to_cart\">Add to basket<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/li><\/ul><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Srednjovekovni ideal vite\u0161tva razvijao se i venuo u zemljama Zapadne  [&#8230;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[405],"tags":[],"autor":[],"class_list":["post-17095","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-novosti-sr"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/akademskaknjiga.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17095","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/akademskaknjiga.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/akademskaknjiga.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akademskaknjiga.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akademskaknjiga.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17095"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/akademskaknjiga.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17095\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/akademskaknjiga.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17095"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akademskaknjiga.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17095"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akademskaknjiga.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17095"},{"taxonomy":"autor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akademskaknjiga.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/autor?post=17095"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}